Abstract
Język angielski funkcjonuje obecnie jako lingua franca w świecie naukowym. W związku z tym naukowcy z całego świata starają się publikować swoje artykuły w międzynarodowych czasopismach i wielu z nich zleca ich przekład tłumaczom języka angielskiego. Tłumaczenie tekstu naukowego może przysporzyć trudności wynikających z międzykulturowych różnic w stylistyce i strukturze tekstów naukowych. O ile same błędy językowe niezmiernie rzadko stanowią jedyny powód odrzuceniem artykułu, odstępstwa od angloamerykańskich zasad pisania tekstów naukowych dotyczących struktury artykułu, spójności i klarowności narracji, a także głosu autorskiego oraz innych elementów metadyskursu, mogą stać się przyczyną nawet do zakwestionowania przez recenzentów kompetencji autora jako naukowca. Istnieją na przykład znaczne różnice między stylem teutońskim, który ukształtował cechy polskiego piśmiennictwa naukowego, a saksońskim, w którym uformowały się standardy angloamerykańskie. Dlatego między innymi wstęp w artykułach polskich autorów często odbiega od wymagań stawianych przez anglojęzyczne czasopisma międzynarodowe, co może być nawet odebrane jako niekompetencja i zmniejszyć szansę na publikację. Dlatego ważne jest, aby ustalić w jaki sposób tłumacze mają podchodzić do tego typu różnic międzykulturowych w swojej pracy. W oparciu o dotychczasową literaturę, niniejszy artykuł apeluje o głębsze przeanalizowanie roli tłumacza naukowego, nakreślenie zakresu jego obowiązków oraz propozycje strategii radzenia sobie z potencjalnymi problemami.
References
Ammon, Ulrich (2012) “Linguistic Inequality and Its Effects on Participation in Scientific Discourse and on Global Knowledge Accumulation – With a Closer Look at the Problems of the Second-Rank Language Communities.” Applied Linguistics Review 3 (2); 333–355.
Belcher, Diane D. (2007) “Seeking Acceptance in an English-only Research World.” Journal of Second Language Writing, 16 (1); 1–22.
Bennett, Karen (2013) “The Translator as Cultural Mediator in Research Publication.” [In:] Valerie Matarese (ed.), Supporting Research Writing. Roles and Challenges in Multilingual Settings. Oxford: Chandos Publishing; 93–106.
Broido, Monica, Harriet Rubin (2020) “Fostering Academic Writers’ Plurilingual Voices.” Journal of Academic Writing 10 (1); 87–97.
Burgess, Sally, Theresa Lillis (2013) “The Contribution of Language Professionals to Academic Publication: Multiple Roles to Achieve Common Goals.” [In:] Valerie Matarese (ed.), Supporting Research Writing. Roles and Challenges in Multilingual Settings. Oxford: Chandos Publishing; 1–15.
Canagarajah, A. Suresh (2002) A Geopolitics of Academic Writing. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Clyne, Michael (1987) “Cultural Differences in the Organization of Academic Texts: English and German.” Journal of Pragmatics, 11 (2); 211–241.
Dejica, Daniel (2020) “Understanding Technical and Scientific Translation: A Genre-based Approach.” Scientific Bulletin of the Politehnica University of Timişoara. Transactions on Modern Languages, 20 (1); 56–66.
DiGiacomo, Susan M. (2010) “‘Insider’ Translation: An Anthropologist as Translator of Anthropology.” The Write Stuff. The Journal of the European Medical Writers Association 19 (1); 75–77.
DiGiacomo, Susan M. (2013) “Giving Authors a Voice in Another Language through Translation.” [In:] Valerie Matarese (ed.), Supporting Research Writing. Roles and Challenges in Multilingual Settings. Oxford: Chandos Publishing; 107–119.
Donesch-Jeżo, Ewa (2019) „Struktura retoryczna i cechy lingwistyczne wstępu w medycznych artykułach naukowych w języku angielskim.” Państwo i Społeczeństwo, XIX (1); 13–26.
Duszak, Anna (1994) “Academic Discourse and Intellectual Styles.” Journal of Pragmatics, 21 (3); 291–313.
Duszak, Anna (1997a) “Analyzing Digressiveness in Polish Academic Texts.” [In:] Anna Duszak (ed.), Culture and Styles of Academic Discourse. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter; 323–341.
Duszak, Anna (1997b) “Cross-cultural Academic Communication: A Discourse-Community View.” [In:] Anna Duszak (ed.), Culture and Styles of Academic Discourse. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter; 11–39.
Elsevier (2019) “An Introduction to Peer Review.” Researcher Academy. Retrieved from https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/uploads/2019-09/Certified%20Peer%20Reviewer%20Course_1.1.pptx. Date: 31/01/23
Elsevier (2023a) “Checklist.” How to Conduct a Review. Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers/how-to-review/checklist. Date: 31/01/23
Elsevier (2023b) “Managing Your Review.” How to Conduct a Review. Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers/how-to-review. Date: 31/01/23
Englander, Karen (2006) “Revision of Scientific Manuscripts by Nonnative-English-Speaking Scientists in Response to Journal Editors’ Criticism of the Language.” Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 3 (2); 129–161.
Englander, Karen (2014) Writing and Publishing Science Research Papers in English. A Global Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer.
Flowerdew, John (2001) “Attitudes of Journal Editors to Nonnative Speaker Contributions.” TESOL Quarterly, 35 (1); 121–150.
Galtung, Johan (1981) “Structure, Culture, and Intellectual Style: An Essay Comparing Saxonic, Teutonic, Gallic and Nipponic Approaches.” Social Science Information, 20 (6); 817–856.
Golebiowski, Zofia (1998) “Rhetorical Approaches to Scientific Writing: An English-Polish Contrastive Study.” Text & Talk, 18 (1); 67–102.
Golebiowski, Zosia (1999) “Application of Swales’ Model in the Analysis of Research Papers by Polish Authors.” International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 37 (3); 231–248.
Golebiowski, Zosia (2018) “Reshaping Academic Writing in Internationalised Higher Education: A Contribution from Contrastive Rhetoric.” [In:] Indika Liyanage (ed.), Multilingual Education Yearbook 2018. Cham: Springer; 55–72.
Hyland, Ken (2015) Academic Publishing: Issues and Challenges in the Construction of Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hyland, Ken, Iga Maria Lehman (2020) “Preface.” [In:] Iga Maria Lehman (ed.), Discourses on Culture. Łódź: Społeczna Akademia Nauk; 7–20.
Katan, David (2013) “Intercultural Mediation.” [In:] Yves Gambier, Luc van Doorslaer (eds.), Handbook of Translation Studies. Vol. 4. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 84–91.
Katan, David (2009) “Translation as Intercultural Communication.” [In:] Jeremy Munday (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies. London: Routledge; 74–92.
Kijak, Magdalena (2014) The Difficulties of Polish Scholars Trying to Publish in International Peer-Reviewed Journals. MA Thesis. Vancouver: University of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/24/1.0167368/1. Date: 31/01/23
Lehman, Iga Maria (2020) “A Cultural-cognition Approach to Voice: Analysis of Scientific Stereotype in Polish and English Writing.” [In:] Iga Maria Lehman (ed.) Discourses on Culture. Łódź: Społeczna Akademia Nauk; 159–188.
Liddicoat, Anthony J. (2016) “Intercultural Mediation, Intercultural Communication and Translation.” Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice, 24 (3); 354–364.
Lillis, Theresa, Mary Jane Curry (2015) “The Politics of English, Language and Uptake. The Case of International Academic Journal Article Reviews.” [In:] Theresa Lillis (ed.), AILA Review. Theory in Applied Linguistics Research: Critical Approaches to Production, Performance and Participation, 28; 127–150.
Matarese, Valerie (2013) “Afterword. Supporting Research Writing in Non–Anglophone Europe: Reflections and Recurring Themes.” [In:] Valerie Matarese (ed.), Supporting Research Writing. Roles and Challenges in Multilingual Settings. Oxford: Chandos Publishing; 257–269.
Minyun, Xu (2023) “Machine Translation Based on Neural Network: Challenge or Chance?” English Education, Linguistics, and Literature Journal, 2 (2); 41–51.
Mišak, Aleksandra, Matko Marušić, Ana Marušić (2005) “Manuscript Editing as a Way af Teaching Academic Writing: Experience from a Small Scientific Journal.” Journal of Second Language Writing, 14; 122–132.
Mur-Dueñas, Pilar (2013) “Spanish Scholars’ Research Article Publishing Process in English-Medium Journals: English Used as a Lingua Franca?” Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 2 (2); 315–340.
Olohan, Maeve (2016) Scientific and Technical Translation. Oxon: Routledge.
Olohan, Maeve (2020) “Scientific Translation.” [In:] Mona Baker, Gabriela Saldanha (eds.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London: Routledge; 510–514.
Olohan, Maeve (2007) “The Status of Scientific Translation.” Journal of Translation Studies, 10 (1), 131–144.
Olohan, Maeve, Myriam Salama-Carr (2011) “Translating Science.” The Translator, 17 (2); 179–188.
O’Neil, David (2018) “English as the Lingua Franca of International Publishing.” World Englishes, 37 (2); 146–165.
PLOS One (n.d.) “Initial Evaluation.” Resources for Editors. Retrieved from https://genweb.plos.org/RR/EditorResources_InitialEvaluationMJs.pdf. Date: 31/01/23
Siepmann, Dirk (2006) “Academic Writing and Culture: An Overview of Differences between English, French and German.” Meta, 51 (1); 131–150.
Smakman, Dick, Agnieszka Duda-Osiewacz (2016) “A Contrastive Rhetoric Analysis of Scholarly Publications by Polish and Anglophone Authors.” The Journal of Language Learning and Teaching, 4 (2); 29–47.
Swales, John M. (1997) “English as Tyrannosaurus Rex.” World Englishes, 16 (3); 373–382.
Tardy, Christine M., Paul Kei Matsuda (2009) “The Construction of Author Voice by Editorial Board Members.” Written Communication, 26 (1); 32–52.
Taylor & Francis (2023) “Review Checklist.” Editor Resources. Retrieved from https://editorresources.taylorandfrancis.com/reviewer-guidelines/review-checklist/#. Date: 31/01/23
Uzuner, Sedef (2008) “Multilingual Scholars’ Participation in Core/Global Academic Communities: A Literature Review.” Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7; 250–263.
Warchał, Krystyna (2018) “The Place of the Purpose Statement in Linguistics Article Introductions: An English-Polish Perspective.” Linguistica Silesiana, 39; 327–346.
Wu, Minghao, George Foster, Lizhen Qu, Gholamreza Haffari (2023) “Document Flattening: Beyond Concatenating Context for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation.” Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 448–462.